The world relies on a variety of energy sources. Fossil-based fuels such as natural gas, petroleum and coal–accounted for over 81 % of the energy consumed in 2018. Renewable sources such as solar energy, wind power biomass, hydroelectricity, and biomass make up 14 percent. Nuclear energy is another 5 percent. Different countries use different sources of energy to meet the needs of their economy and environmental concerns.
Energy is found in nature in many forms: sunlight winds, waves ocean and many more. These sources of energy transform into more efficient forms of energy, like electricity or heat when they are harnessed. These sources are non-renewable resources of energy once they have been exhausted.
The environment is harmed by many fossil fuels, and also other energy sources that aren’t renewable. Oil mining, for example can devastate the forests that are virgin to the earth. Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) can trigger earthquakes as well as water pollution. Burning coal releases carbon dioxide, contributing to global warming.
Fortunately, many of the most promising sources of energy are renewable and sustainable. Hydropower, solar power and wind for instance, can generate electricity without the need to search for new sources.
Other sources of sustainable energy are emerging, including the wave and tidal power. However, in order to be used on a massive scale these technologies require efficient distribution networks. This requires the use of non-renewable energies to build these networks. Therefore, these sources aren’t able to provide the bulk of our energy needs. It’s vital to remember that the prices of renewable energy equipment has dropped dramatically in recent years and efficiency is growing.
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